Critical Minerals & Materials Sovereignty
Lithospheric extraction, rare earth elements refining bottlenecks, antimony, tungsten, copper metallurgy, and deep-sea mineral rights.
The Lithospheric Engine: A Century-Forward Scientific Assessment of Advanced Geothermal Energy Extraction and Planetary-Scale Grid Integration
TPM-V1Geothermal energy is transitioning from a localized anomaly to a universally accessible baseload solution. This dossier maps the transition from hydrothermal to Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), Advanced Geothermal Systems (AGS), and Superhot Rock (SHR) systems, proposing deep-lithosphere magmatic extraction and a global superconducting grid.
Critical Minerals Geopolitics: The Resource Wars Shaping the AI Economy
TPM-V1The US USGS 2025 Critical Minerals List expanded from 50 to 60 minerals. China controls ~60% of rare earth mining and ~85% of processing globally. Export controls on gallium and germanium were first imposed August 1, 2023; expanded to US-specific prohibition in December 2024; partially suspended in November 2025. Graphite controls took effect December 1, 2023. These minerals underpin the AI economy: every data center GPU, every EV battery, every 5G antenna. This dossier maps the geopolitical resource layer beneath the AI revolution.