The global space economy is projected to reach USD 2 trillion by 2040. Central to this expansion is In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) — the ability to prospect, extract, and process extraterrestrial materials. This dossier analyzes the technological maturity of lunar and asteroidal mining, the shifting economic models of the Helium-3 fusion economy, and the escalating geopolitical schism between the Outer Space Treaty and the Artemis Accords.